If you’re researching roofing options, you’ve likely come across the term composition roof—but what is a composition roof exactly? A composition roof (also called composite roofing) is a versatile roofing system made from a mixture of materials, primarily asphalt-saturated fiberglass or organic mats coated with mineral granules. These roofs combine durability, affordability, and aesthetic flexibility, making them America’s most popular residential roofing choice.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about composition roofing, including its different types, key advantages, lifespan, and how it compares to other roofing materials. Whether you’re building a new home or replacing an old roof, this information will help you make an informed decision.
Why Choose a Composition Roof?
Composition roofs dominate the market for good reason:
✔ Affordable – Costs 50-70% less than premium materials like slate or metal
✔ Durable – Withstands winds up to 130 mph when properly installed
✔ Weather-resistant – Granules protect against UV rays and moderate hail
✔ Lightweight – Won’t require additional roof support like heavier materials
✔ Aesthetic options – Available in various colors and styles to match any home
✔ Easy installation – Most roofing contractors are experienced with composition
✔ Repairable – Damaged sections can be fixed without replacing entire roof
Types of Composition Roofing
1. 3-Tab Shingles
The most economical option with a flat, uniform appearance
✔ Thickness: ~025 inch
✔ Lifespan: 15-20 years
✔ Best for: Budget-conscious homeowners
2. Architectural (Dimensional) Shingles
Premium option with a textured, multi-dimensional look
✔ Thickness: 0.35-0.5 inch
✔ Lifespan: 25-30 years
✔ Best for: Most residential applications
3. Luxury Shingles
High-end products mimicking slate or wood shake
✔ Thickness: 0.5+ inch
✔ Lifespan: 30-50 years
✔ Best for: Upscale homes
Composition Roof Construction Layers
| Layer | Purpose | Materials |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Decking | Structural base | Plywood or OSB boards |
| 2. Underlayment | Water barrier | Felt or synthetic membrane |
| 3. Starter Strip | Edge protection | Specialized shingle strip |
| 4. Shingles | Weatherproofing | Asphalt/fiberglass mats with granules |
| 5. Flashing | Leak prevention | Metal at valleys, vents, and chimneys |
Composition Roof vs. Other Materials
| Feature | Composition | Metal | Slate | Wood Shake |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost per sq. | 3.50−3.50−7 | 7−7−14 | 15−15−30 | 8−8−12 |
| Lifespan | 20-30 yrs | 40-70 yrs | 100+ yrs | 30-40 yrs |
| Weight | Light | Medium | Very Heavy | Medium |
| Fire Rating | Class A | Class A | Class A | Class B/C |
| Maintenance | Low | Low | Medium | High |
FAQs About Composition Roofs
1. How long does a composition roof last?
Typically 20-30 years, depending on shingle quality, climate, and maintenance.
2. Can composition roofs be recycled?
Yes – about 10 million tons of asphalt shingles are recycled annually into road pavement.
3. Do composition roofs work in cold climates?
Yes, but ice dam protection is recommended in snowy areas.
4. How often should composition roofs be inspected?
Annually, with more frequent checks after severe storms.
5. Can you walk on a composition roof?
Yes, but carefully – wear soft-soled shoes and avoid walking in extreme heat.
Maintenance Tips for Longevity
✔ Clean gutters regularly to prevent water backup
✔ Trim overhanging branches to minimize debris
✔ Remove moss/algae growth with proper cleaners
✔ Check for missing/damaged shingles after storms
✔ Ensure proper attic ventilation to prevent overheating
Final Thoughts
Now that you understand what is a composition roof, you can see why it remains the top choice for most American homeowners. Offering an ideal balance of cost, performance, and aesthetic appeal, composition roofing provides reliable protection that stands up to diverse weather conditions. While premium materials may last longer, few options match composition roofing’s combination of affordability and quality. When properly installed and maintained, a good composition roof will protect your home beautifully for decades while keeping your budget intact.
