Plastering is one of the most important finishing works in construction, and choosing the right sand for plastering walls makes all the difference. The sand for plastering walls must be clean, well-graded, and free from harmful materials to ensure strength, durability, and a smooth finish. If poor-quality sand is used, the plaster may crack, weaken, or develop patches over time. That’s why knowing how to select the correct type of sand is essential for both homeowners and professionals.
Importance of Sand in Plastering
Sand acts as the filler material in plaster. It controls shrinkage, improves workability, and gives volume to the plaster mix. By choosing the right sand for plastering walls, you ensure:
- Smooth and even surface finish.
- Strong bond with masonry walls.
- Reduced cracks and shrinkage.
- Long-lasting durability of walls.
Properties of Good Sand for Plastering
The performance of plaster depends directly on the properties of sand. Some essential qualities include:
- Cleanliness: Free from clay, silt, and salts.
- Grain size: Fine particles for smooth finish, but not too fine to cause cracks.
- Hardness: Strong enough to resist weathering.
- Shape: Angular grains are better for bonding.
- Color: Generally light brown or whitish, showing fewer impurities.
Types of Sand Used for Plastering Walls
Different sands are used depending on availability and project requirements.
River Sand
Naturally available and widely used. River sand is fine, rounded, and clean, making it suitable for internal and external plaster.
M-Sand (Manufactured Sand)
Produced by crushing stones, M-sand has angular particles that give better bonding. It is a sustainable alternative to river sand.
Pit Sand
Found in pits and relatively coarse. After proper washing, it can be used in external plastering for better strength.
Sea Sand
Not recommended for plastering due to high salt content, which causes corrosion and dampness.
Choosing Sand Based on Particle Size
The sand grading is a major factor in deciding plaster quality.
- Fine sand (less than 1.5 mm): Suitable for internal plastering.
- Medium sand (1.5 mm – 2.5 mm): Commonly used for external plastering.
- Coarse sand (above 2.5 mm): Not suitable for plastering, better for concrete works.
Testing Sand for Plastering
Before final use, sand must be tested for quality.
Silt Content Test
Excessive silt makes plaster weak. Sand with more than 8% silt should be avoided.
Clay and Organic Impurities Test
Dark-colored sand with organic matter is unsuitable as it affects bonding.
Bulking of Sand Test
Moisture increases sand volume. Proper adjustment of mix proportion is needed.
Visual Inspection
Check for uniform color, clean grains, and absence of stones or debris.
Ideal Sand Mix Ratio for Plastering
For plastering walls, the cement-to-sand ratio is critical.
- Internal plaster: 1:6 (cement:sand).
- External plaster: 1:4 or 1:5.
- Ceiling plaster: 1:3 for stronger bonding.
Common Mistakes While Choosing Sand for Plastering
Many construction issues arise from poor selection of sand. Some common mistakes include:
- Using salty sea sand without treatment.
- Using sand with high clay or silt content.
- Selecting too coarse sand for plaster.
- Ignoring proper testing before use.
Benefits of Choosing the Right Sand for Plastering
When you select the correct sand, you get:
- Strong and durable plaster.
- Smooth and aesthetic wall finish.
- Reduced cracks and shrinkage.
- Better adhesion to walls and ceilings.
- Long-term cost savings due to fewer repairs.
Comparison of Sands for Plastering
| Type of Sand | Suitability | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| River Sand | Best for plastering | Smooth finish, natural availability | Limited supply, costly in some areas |
| M-Sand | Excellent alternative | Angular particles, eco-friendly, consistent quality | Needs washing, slightly rough finish |
| Pit Sand | Moderate use | Strong bonding for external plaster | Needs washing, coarser finish |
| Sea Sand | Not recommended | Abundant in coastal areas | Contains salts, causes dampness and corrosion |
Sustainable Approach in Sand Selection
With natural river sand becoming scarce, M-sand is gaining popularity. It not only reduces environmental damage but also provides consistent quality. By adopting manufactured sand, builders can ensure long-term sustainability.
FAQs on Sand for Plastering Walls
Which sand is best for plastering walls?
River sand and manufactured sand (M-sand) are the best choices for plastering due to their fine particles and clean properties.
Can M-sand replace river sand for plastering?
Yes, M-sand is an excellent alternative, offering consistent quality and better bonding strength.
How do I check if sand is suitable for plastering?
Perform simple tests like silt content test, visual inspection, and bulking test to ensure sand quality.
What happens if poor-quality sand is used in plastering?
Plaster may develop cracks, lose strength, and result in dampness or surface peeling.
Is coarse sand suitable for plastering?
No, coarse sand is not suitable for plastering as it creates a rough finish and weakens the bond.
Conclusion
Knowing how to choose the right sand for plastering walls ensures stronger, smoother, and longer-lasting finishes. Whether you go for river sand or manufactured sand, always check for impurities, particle size, and silt content before use. Good-quality sand saves costs in the long run by preventing cracks and repairs, while also improving the overall durability of your walls.
